LiveLongAgeWell

Today I’m posting a chapter from my  book-in-progress: How To Drop Dead Dancing In Your 90s….here is Part I of GREENS!

Kale. Collards. Mustard Greens. Beet Greens. Dandelion Greens. Swiss Chard. Spinach. All “greens”, and, except for spinach, they are foreign to most American diets. Despite having a taste that many might also regard as foreign—too strong, even bitter—to increase your odds of dancing into your 90s you should move beyond salad and the more conventional vegetables and start adding these more exotic  “greens” into your routine.

Taste bud research suggests some people are genetically programmed to despise the taste of greens, and if that includes you, try making an extra effort, because these are the vegetable superstars. Some nutritionists feel they have more value per calorie than any other food.
Perhaps greens have such a distinctive taste because they are so primitive. Unchanged for thousands of years, originally from Asia and Africa, hearty and easy-to-grow kale was among the first vegetables brought by the colonists to the New World. Later, American slaves popularized collards, and greens became part of “soul food”. Unfortunately they were often considered throwaways—vegetables for poor people—until scientists discovered that they were actually so nutritionally rich, and now greens are enjoying a renaissance.

They are full of fiber and low in calories, bursting with vitamins A and C, iron, calcium and various other minerals, and those mysterious “phytochemicals” such as lutein and the more impressively named zeaxanthin; these are the most exciting components in greens, the substances that protect our cells from cancer, age-related vision problems, and maybe dementia. An extra benefit: many American diets are deficient in vitamin K, and greens are the absolute best natural source for this vitamin.

Like most vegetables, adding greens to your diet will help keep your cardiovascular system healthy, and lower your risk of stroke. But greens are much more potent—studies suggest that a green-rich diet is associated with a significantly lower risk of lung, breast, ovary, colon, and bladder cancer. Most research indicates about a 20 to 50 percent lower risk of these cancers in people who eat lots of greens. The mechanism seems to be that the phytochemicals trigger a genetic signal that stimulates the activity of detoxifying enzymes in our liver, so carcinogens are neutralized before doing damage.

Scientists (and drug companies) are working furiously to treat osteoporosis, and along with the importance of calcium and vitamin D, vitamin K is a new star for keeping our bones strong. The Framingham Heart Study showed that those with the highest vitamin K intake had a 65% decreased risk of hip fractures! If true, eating a good amount of greens certainly is a much cheaper and safer and perhaps a more effective way, compared with medications, to lower your risk of disabling bone fractures. And, as we will discuss further in the PROTECT chapter, greens intake probably dramatically cut the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration (the most common form of age-related vision loss).

Next: Greens, Part II

In honor of our mothers, let’s consider some advice many of them have given—perhaps your own mother said “eat your carrots…you’ll see better at night”—now let’s just update that with the latest information. It’s a nice coincidence because a few days before Mother’s Day, the journal Ophthalmology came out with a report on the best (nutritional) advice to prevent macular degeneration, the progressive loss of function in the retina of the eye and the most common cause of adult visual loss. (Click on this link for a “macular degeneration simulator”.)

One reason macular degeneration is so worrisome is that it’s so common: 10% of people over 65 are affected, and that rises to 30% for people over 75. Your risk is higher if you have a history of smoking, and with a close relative with macular degeneration, your lifetime risk rises to 50%. So it’s good to know there is something you can do to help diminish this threat as we get older besides a carrot-a-day…

Here’s what the analysis of the diets of over 4000 people in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study suggested to keep your vision good as you get older:

1. Eat a low-glycemic index diet. The glycemic index is a rating of how foods spike your blood sugar once they are absorbed, and the less the spike, the better. Slow absorbing foods are best. Particularly bad are white bread, starchy foods such as potatoes, and sugary pastries. Best are whole-grain breads, nuts, proteins, and vegetables.

2. Try to get a wide range of antioxidants from fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and perhaps eggs. Especially good are green leafy vegetables, spinach, kale, broccoli, and when you buy lettuce, stick to the dark green romaine style rather than the wimpy pale “head lettuce” or “American lettuce”. Other good sources of the vision-beneficial antioxidants are eggs, beans (especially black), and again, nuts and whole grains.

3. Try to get lots of vitamin C from citrus fruits.

4. Omega-3 fatty acids are great for your eyes (as well as your brain), and you can best get those from fatty fish, such as salmon.

So go ahead and eat a carrot-a-day, it’s great advice, but if you are really concerned about keeping your vision intact as you get older, and particularly if you have a positive family history, there are plenty of other dietary measures you can take. Don’t wait…add to your shopping list: oranges, broccoli, spinach, whole-grain bread, romaine lettuce, nuts, and salmon!

If you have high cholesterol, and are taking or considering taking (prescription) “statin” medication to lower cholesterol and decrease heart attack risk, you might be interested in this large Israeli study. The results suggested that those who faithfully took their statin medication over a four- to five-year period had a significantly lower death rate (45 percent) than those who took their medication only occasionally. It’s interesting research—worth talking to your doctor about if you are in a high risk group—but it’s not a perfect study. It may be that those who took their medication faithfully also took better care of themselves in other ways, and those other ways were more responsible for their better survival than the statin drug.

(This dedicated to my brother for his birthday today…he’s a faithful and accomplished marathon runner. I hope he avoids cataracts based on his running, because he doesn’t use sunglasses, and that increases his risk.) Particularly if you have a family history of AMD (age-related macular degeneration, the biggest cause for blindness in adults) or cataracts, you will be interested to know that people who run faithfully may have a much decreased risk of developing those eye diseases. For example, one report showed that those who run over 4 kilometers per day (2.5 miles) cut their risk of AMD by up to 54 percent. Much more detail here.

Do you know people who still smoke, and are crazy about their pets? More about this later, but it seems that pets really suffer the effects of secondhand smoke too, and that many smokers might be motivated to quit once they realize they are harming their pets!

When a new patient walked into my office I would occasionally test myself, and try to guess just by looking at her face if she was a smoker or not. Usually I was right, and I could tell by looking for vertical wrinkles around the mouth, typically much more pronounced in a smoker. Why is that? Why should smokers have more wrinkles?

For skin to look good and alive, it needs to be nourished by the blood vessels that feed it. These vessels are the pipes that send fresh blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the skin, and then carry away the bad stuff. But in a smoker, the small blood vessels that feed the skin get irritated and inflamed from the cigarette toxins, and when the vessel walls get irritated, cholesterol can more easily stick to the inflamed surface. So like a pipe filled with any sort of crud, the flow of oxygen and nutrients decreases, and the skin basically loses its elasticity and slowly dies.

The same thing is happening to the smoker’s blood vessels that feed the heart and the brain, and everywhere else in the body. We just don’t see the pipe build-up problem like we do in the skin. In the heart the smoker can experience angina (heart pain) or a heart attack. In the brain, the smoker loses brain cells faster, and are more prone to a stroke. In the penis, since a firm erection depends on good blood flow to your organ, even if you aren’t impotent, your erections won’t be as good.

Besides wrinkles, a few more reasons smokers tend to age much faster:

•    The smoke slowly kills your lung capacity, so if you DO manage to get to an old age as a smoker (note that smokers live an average of 13 to 14 years less than non-smokers), you won’t be able to handle athletic activities well; even climbing stairs might become a chore. Bad lungs severely limit your ability for fun, and there’s no cure at all. Carrying an oxygen tank is a big hassle.

•    Smoking ruins your breath, stains and loosens your teeth.

•    Smokers have a much higher rate of osteoporosis and bone fracture.

•    The risk of that much advertised affliction, ED, or erectile dysfunction, is about 50% greater in smokers.

•    Smokers are twice as likely to get macular degeneration, a common form of blindness, as well as cataracts.

•    Many plastic surgeons will refuse to operate on smokers, because they heal from surgery so much worse, and have a much higher complication rate.

•    Yes, smoking can keep your weight down somewhat, but there are better ways, and is being a little thinner worth all the negatives, and let us include: a higher risk of baldness for men and for women, increased breast cancer and a two times higher risk of cervical cancer?