LiveLongAgeWell

You may think that getting older means becoming less happy, but various studies, including this new one just released at the American Psychological Association (APA) meeting in Toronto, show just the opposite: most people actually become happier as they get older. Good news, especially as the fastest growing population segment—in the U.S. at least—is people over age 85.

This APA study from the University of California found two exceptions to the older=happier correlation. First are people dealing with dementia, and second are people stuck in a long-term stressful situation without escape, for example, a debilitating chronic disease.

Most of us, however, can look forward to greater happiness as we get older. The researchers felt that a main reason for that is that over time, we learn from experience what makes us stressed or unhappy, and we become better at avoiding or just ignoring those people or situations.

More from the APA Meeting

Two other interesting presentations at the APA …One a large Swedish study demonstrating that those adults who have a “strong social network” were 60% less likely to become demented over time.

The second one sounds obvious, yet is something frequently ignored—that many people who seem to be getting mentally slower are really not; it’s just that their hearing has slowly dropped, making them seem dim-witted. Be aware that many older folks are embarrassed to admit a hearing problem, so keep this in mind regarding your own family. If you notice someone losing sharpness over time, one of the first things to test is hearing.

“Sham” Vertebral Procedure and the Placebo Effect

The best possible research study is a “double-blind clinical trial”, and a typical trial like this involves splitting up a group of people into two equal groups, and giving one group an active drug, and the other group an inactive drug (placebo) and then comparing the outcome of the two groups over time. Unfortunately, since these studies are expensive and time-consuming, a majority of research studies are not true clinical trials, and surgical clinical trials involving placebo, or “sham” surgery, is exceedingly rare.

Sham surgery is complex in many ways; you can imagine trying to convince one half of a study group that they really had surgery, when in fact they had nothing more than an incision made, or an anesthetic shot given, rather than a full operation.

So I can’t recall the last time I read about a sham surgery clinical trial, but one was just completed by a team from Australia, Britain, and the U.S. The goal was to learn if vertebroplasty, a common back procedure (to decrease pain in vertebral fracture patients) was actually effective, or the improvement seen was just a placebo effect.

The researchers performed the full procedure on one half of the patients, involving an anesthetic shot and injecting bone cement into the fractured vertebra. The 50% of patients who had the sham procedure had the anesthetic shot but no cement was placed. To add realism to the sham group, the doctors had the cement in the room to give the same smell sensation as the real procedure.

The result was that the sham surgery group did just as well, with just as much improvement, as the ones who had the full procedure. For more details, look at this full summary in the New York Times. And if you have doubts about the efficacy of a procedure or operation your doctor suggests, you might ask “what clinical trials have been done, if any, to show this procedure is effective?” Your doc will be surprised, but should be able to answer.

Finally….it seems a number of research papers in the past decade have been “ghostwritten” by medical marketing companies rather than doctors. (This is probably no surprise to most doctors, but I suspect it might be for the general public.) In these cases the drug company hires a marketing company to write a paper with a positive spin on whatever they are selling or wanting to sell. Note that if the research did not turn out in their favor, they just wouldn’t publish it.

After the marketing writer finishes his favorable report, the doctor(s) may just look the paper over and make a few changes, but often the report is tailor-made to suit the drug company. Amazing how medicine has changed over the years, and how doctors can be bought off. Supposedly this practice, now exposed, will stop, but I doubt it.

A main goal of this blog is to give you practical hints so you can live healthier and longer, but just as important is to give you information so you can live happier. There doesn’t seem to be too much point trying to live a super-long life if you aren’t reasonably happy. Now especially during these tough economic times, when I find information on ways you can increase your level of happiness, I will pass it along…

Earlier this year (before I started this LLAW blog), two reputable research reports appeared regarding, first, how quitting smoking, and then how obesity could be “contagious”. Yes, a team of researchers—from Harvard and UC San Diego—concluded that you are significantly more likely to lose or gain weight or quit smoking if you become aware of friends or relatives who recently lost or gained weight, or quit smoking, even if they live across the country. Just knowing about others who have changed in these ways seems to profoundly influence your own behavior. The influence of your friends spreads almost like a social virus, in a seemingly contagious manner.

Just last week the same researchers showed a similar type of effect with happiness: if you become aware of friends or even neighbors (who aren’t friends but just acquaintances), then YOU are more likely to also become happier. The effect is greater if these people actually are your friends, and the closer they live to you the greater the effect. There seems to be a larger effect from people your own gender who become happy. More surprising is that they found even “third degree” friends had some influence on your own happiness, meaning if a friend of one of your friend’s friends switched to becoming happy for some reason, then their happiness in a small way rubbed off onto you. If true, this truly speaks of an amazing strength of social networks.

When these researchers earlier this year released their studies on contagious obesity and smoking behavior, other scientists seemed to be surprised, but generally supportive that it all made sense. But this current study on happiness—even though it came from good institutions—has raised more skepticism.  Some have said that perhaps there is something in the statistical analysis that has lead to erroneous conclusions, particularly since they concluded that if your next-door friend suddenly became happy, that the effect on you was greater than if your own spouse became happy.

I suspect it will take a couple years for the various social scientists to argue all this out. Typically what happens when a study is controversial is that either another group of scientists will be able to repeat the first study and confirm the findings, or will conclude with their new research that the first study was wrong, or only partially right.

In the meantime however, we might take the conclusions of this happiness study at face value, and to maximize our own happiness, try to form bonds with people, or at least become aware of others who are doing positive things with their lives. It just might just rub off on us.

One of the most compelling aspects of my medical practice in California was encountering those older patients who stood out as exceptionally happy and accomplished. I found some of the happiest people were those open to attempting a big new project or even a career change, and they were not constrained by their age.

One of my favorite patients had been one of Walt Disney’s original animators (he had worked on the movie Fantasia), and he seemed to become most alive and animated himself when he talked about his new book project, even though he was in his 70s.

It was clear to me that this ability, or willingness, to be a “late bloomer” was one secret to aging well, so I was very interested to read the article last week in The New Yorker by Malcolm Gladwell (author of The Tipping Point) entitled “Late Bloomers”. He starts with the example of a young lawyer, dissatisfied with his career, who quit and took up writing at age 30, then Gladwell dissects the difference between artists who peak early (such as Picasso), and late (like Cézanne, who struggled during his younger years). He notes other “late bloomers” such as Mark Twain, the poet Robert Frost, and Alfred Hitchcock, whose largest run of successes occurred from his mid- 50s to early 60s.

Of course most of us will not become famous artists or authors or singers or furniture makers, but if we regularly test our minds and bodies and try out talents that (might) lie dormant within us, we will age better, both mentally and physically. And if you have a loving partner, encourage him or her in their endeavors also…you will both benefit. If you read the New Yorker article to the end, you will see that stories of successful late bloomers are actually, often love stories.

Click here for a podcast of an interview with the very cerebral Malcolm Gladwell.  Have a great weekend.